Flemish School, circa 1600

We are grateful to drs. Luuk Pijl for noting that the type of architecture derives from works by the sixteenth-century landscapist Herri met de Bles, while the handling of the paint, with the foliage rendered in curling strokes, recalls the very rare, earlier works of Michiel de Gast (c. 1515-1577; see the roundel in Antwerp, Museum voor Schonen Kunsten).