This temple in the Roman Forum was founded by the Emperor Antoninus Pius in memory of his wife Faustina, who died in 141 AD. After Antoninus' own death in 161 AD, his successor Marcus Aurelius changed the dedication of the temple in order to honour Antoninus alongside his wife. At some point during the 7th or 8th Century AD, the temple was converted into the church of San Lorenzo in Miranda, and it is believed that St Lawrence's martyrdom took place near the site.