Charles Hossein Zenderoudi (Iranian, b. 1937)

In the later 1960s Charles Hossein Zenderoudi's focus turned towards the Persian letterform as the sole motif on his canvases. The other iconography from his Saqqa-khaneh phase fell away -some to be later revisited- and the compositions consisted solely of indecipherable Persian words, superimposed on each other or in variety of scales, deliberately distorted and subverting the rules of calligraphy.