Circle of Guy Head (Carlisle 1762-1800 London)

Zenobia was a Syrian Queen of the Palmyrine Empire in the 3rd Century A.D. She conquered Egypt, briefly reigning until 274 when she was taken as a hostage to Rome by the Roman Emperor Lucius Domitius Aurelianus (270-275). She was presented in chains in Aurelian's military triumph parade, when he officially freed her, granting her an elegant villa in Tibur (now Tivoli, Italy).