溫斯頓·邱吉爾

溫斯頓·丘吉爾（Winston Churchill）是二十世紀最重要的政治人物與演說家之一，他同時也是一位成就斐然的畫家。繪畫創作恰好為他緊張的政治生活提供了一種平衡。

丘吉爾開始畫畫的時間相對較晚，始於1915年。當時他在加里波利戰役後被迫辭去海軍大臣職位，而這項新發現的愛好後來成為他終身的熱情，在他人生最艱難的時期為他帶來了慰藉、創造性的滿足感以及表達自我的方式。

丘吉爾沒有受過正式的繪畫訓練，但他以慣有的活力與決心投入其中。他偏愛風景與靜物，描繪的對象多為查特韋爾莊園的家中景致，以及他在歐洲和地中海地區旅行時所見的風光。早期作品受到印象派畫家的影響，尤其是他們對光線與色彩的運用。丘吉爾主要使用油畫創作，這與他大膽、直覺式的繪畫風格十分契合。

丘吉爾的代表作品包括《查特韋爾莊園的金魚塘》（The Goldfish Pool at Chartwell, 1932年），這幅畫寄託了他對肯特郡故居的喜愛；另一經典之作為《庫圖比亞清真寺宣禮塔》（Tower of the Koutoubia Mosque，1943年），畫中勾勒出遠眺馬拉喀什城廓的風光。邱吉爾遊歷法國南部、北非等日照充沛之地，深深影響其創作用色，畫作中常見澄澈明快的藍調、翠綠與赭色。

丘吉爾的藝術造詣於在世之時便已獲得認可。1921 年，他為避開外界過度關注，化名「查爾斯·莫林」（Charles Morin）首度參展。及至 1947 年，其畫作聲名遠播，更獲封皇家藝術學院榮譽院士。他所著的《畫畫作為消遣》（Painting as a Pastime，1948）真切闡述自身藝術觀點，認為繪畫既是撫慰心靈的療愈活動，亦是紓解政務重壓、抽離公職紛擾的精神寄託。

儘管丘吉爾作畫是為了個人樂趣，如今他的畫作已被視為其遺產中舉足輕重的一部分。世人向來將他與果敢行事、滔滔雄辯劃上等號，而這些畫作恰恰展露了他內斂深沉、靜思自省的另一面。他的許多畫作由私人收藏，另有部分作品則陳列於現由英國國民信託代管的查特韋爾莊園之內，讓後人得以透過這些畫作一窺這位二十世紀複雜人物的內心世界。

SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL, O.M., R.A. (1874-1965)

Tower of the Koutoubia Mosque

SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL, O.M., R.A. (1874-1965)

Scene at Marrakech

SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL, O.M., R.A. (1874-1965)

The Bridge at Aix-en-Provence

SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL, O.M., R.A. (1874-1965)

St Paul's Churchyard

Sir Winston Churchill, O.M., R.A. (1874-1965)

Villa on the Nivelle

Sir Winston Churchill, O.M., R.A. (1874-1965)

A View of Marrakech

Sir Winston Churchill, O.M., R.A. (1874-1965)

The Giza Pyramids at Cairo

SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL, O.M., R.A. (1874-1965)

View of the Mediterranean near San Raphael

SIR WINSTON SPENCER CHURCHILL (BRITISH, 1874-1965)

Interior, the Long Gallery at Sutton Place

SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL, O.M., R.A. (1874-1965)

Still Life, Silver at Chartwell

Sir Winston Churchill, O.M., R.A. (1874-1965)

The Cathedral, Hackwood Park

Sir Winston Churchill, O.M., R.A. (1874-1965)

The Beach at Walmer

Sir Winston Churchill, O.M., R.A. (1874-1965)

The Terrace at Mrs Alice Keppel's Villa d'Ombrellino near Florence

Sir Winston Churchill, O.M., R.A. (1874-1965)

The Ancient Olive Grove at La Dragonnière, Cap Martin

Sir Winston Churchill, O.M., R.A. (1874-1965)

Sunset over the Atlas Mountains

Sir Winston Churchill, O.M., R.A. (1874-1965)

The Seashore

Sir Winston Churchill, O.M., R.A. (1874-1965)

The Colleoni Memorial, Venice

SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL, O.M., R.A. (1874-1965)

The Canal at St-Georges-Motel

Sir Winston Churchill, O.M., R.A. (1874-1965)

The Ruins of Arras Cathedral (after Sargent)

Sir Winston Churchill, O.M., R.A. (1874-1965)

Valley of the Ourika, near Marrakech

Sir Winston Spencer Churchill, O.M., R.A. (1874-1965)

Woodland scene near Mimizan

Sir Winston Churchill, O.M., R.A. (1874-1965)

Garden Scene

Sir Winston Spencer Churchill, O.M., R.A. (1874-1965)

Café at St. Jean de Luz

Sir Winston Spencer Churchill, O.M., R.A. (1874-1965)

Inlet in the South of France

Sir Winston Churchill, O.M., R.A. (1874-1965)

Interior of a Studio, Lady Kitty Somerset at an easel

CHURCHILL, Winston Spencer (1874-1965). Portrait photograph depicting Churchill seated at the Cabinet Office table, an unusually large print, 244 x 195mm (348 x 280mm with mount), signed and inscribed on mount TO JOSEPH STALIN, 'From his Friend Winston S. Churchill, September 1944 To Marshal & Premier Stalin who at the head of the Russian Armies & of the Soviet Government broke the main strength of the German military machine & helped us all to open paths to Peace, Justice & Freedom' (very slight silvering to print, mount slightly soiled and creased at margins). Provenance : Sir John "Jock" Colville (1915-1987), assistant private secretary to Churchill: autograph note on label to verso, 'This photograph was inscribed by the P.M. for Stalin but it was then found that the silver frame for which it was destined obscured the inscription. He therefore rewrote it on another photograph and gave me this one. J.R.C.'; and by descent.

CHURCHILL, Winston S. (1874-1965)

[Collected Speeches. 1941-1948]

CHURCHILL, Winston S. For Free Trade. A Collection of Speeches Delivered at Manchester or in the House of Commons during the Fiscal Controversy preceding the late General Election . London: Arthur L. Humphreys, 1906.

CHURCHILL, Winston S. The Second World War . An archive of 13 galley proofs (comprising some 424 pages) plus 13 printed proofs (in octavo wrappers) of various versions of volumes I-VI, some with corrections and comments in Churchill’s hand; the majority of the extensive corrections in the hands of C. C. Wood and F. W. Deakin.

[CHURCHILL, Winston S.] Official War Office Photographs, 1940-1945. 3 volumes. Folio albums (12¼ x 15¾in.), stamped in gilt on upper cover, with Churchill's initials on upper right cover of each album. TOGETHER APPROXIMATELY 477 BLACK AND WHITE PHOTOGRAPHS, various sizes, each laid down on card. Albums bound with screws at left edge (one screw missing from second album), slight rubbing to covers, images fine.

CHURCHILL, Winston S. Archive of over 60 typed letters signed and memoranda signed ("Winston S. Churchill", "W.S. Churchill," "W.S.C."), along with 10 printed telegrams, to C. C. Wood, 1933-1956. Also including letters, memoranda and galleys passed between Churchills' ghost writers and editors (William Deakin, Denis Kelly and Wood), several with autograph endorsements and annotations in Churchill's hand. Together approximately 170 pages, various sizes, a few letters signed by Churchill's secretary Violet Pearman, two letters with Churchill signatures clipped away .

CHURCHILL, Winston S. Archive of 29 typed letters signed ("Winston S. Churchill" or "W.S.C.") to Sir Emsley Carr and Major D. Percy Davis, et al., the editors of The News of the World , 1934-1951. Together 39pp., 4to, on personal, Admiralty, and 10 Downing St. stationery . [ALSO WITH:] 10 additional letters from Clementine Churchill, Anthony Eden ("Avon"), Alec Douglas-Home and Edward Heath, 1965-1979.

CHURCHILL, Winston S. Autograph letter signed to Eliot Crawshay-Williams, 10 Downing St., 28 June 1940, one page, 8vo ; with a letter to Churchill by Crawshay Williams, 27 June 1940. Provenance : Sotheby's, 14 December 1992, lot 37.

CHURCHILL, Winston S. Autograph letter signed ("W.") with an autograph postscript signed ("W.S.C."), to Jack Churchill, 19 June 1915. 9 pages, 8vo, Duchy of Lancaster stationery; with original autograph envelope signed ("Winston S. Churchill") . Marked "private & secret."

CHURCHILL, Winston S. (1874-1965). Churchill's full-cut crocodile-skin cigar case, c.1934, by Cartier Ltd, London, the initials 'W S C' set in brass on the fastening, length 170mm x width 90mm, a single cigar (unmarked) remaining in the four-cigar chamber. Provenance : manufactured especially for Churchill in c.1934 (information from Cartier archives); given by Clementine Churchill to Churchill's former bodyguard Inspector Cyril Davies after Churchill's death (typed letter signed, 22 June 1965; compliments slip 'Sent with Lady Spencer-Churchill's compliments and good wishes'); acquired by the present owner from Davies's estate; [ with ] three telegrams from Churchill to Inspector Davies, acknowledging birthday wishes in 1959, 1963 and 1964.

CHURCHILL, Winston S. Autograph letter signed to 'My dear General' (Sir Ian Hamilton), 'In the train Sudan Military R[ailway]', 16 September 1898, including a postscript signed with initials, mostly in blue ink, 17½ pages, 8vo (one passage heavily cancelled by recipient).

CHURCHILL, Winston S. The Interior of Sir John Lavery's Studio with two Ladies , oil on canvas board, 18 x 12in. (457 x 305mm), painted c.1922. Provenance : Sarah, Lady Audley; The Studio, Chartwell; Christie's, 20 June 1996, lot 73.

CHURCHILL, Winston S. My Early Life. A Roving Commission . London: Thornton Butterworth Limited, 1930.

CHURCHILL, Winston S. (1874-1965)

The Second World War . Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1948-1954.

CHURCHILL, Winston S. (1874-1965)

A History of the English-Speaking Peoples . London: 1956-1958.

[CHURCHILL, Winston S.] ASQUITH, Lady Cynthia (1887-1960). Autograph manuscript journals, 1914-1919, a sequence of ten volumes kept during and after the First World War, London, Stanway, Brighton and other places, 15 April 1915 - 9 November 1919, together with an unpublished "Account of my motor expedition in France", 25 October 1914, including a large number of unpublished passages, approximately 2,300 pages, 4to, annotations, underlinings, cancellations and page numberings in various hands in pencil, crayon and ballpoint ink, some passages cancelled for publication; bound in green, blue, and red morocco, or black moleskin (one), 235 x 190mm - 270 x 220 mm, paper labels (clasps forced open or removed causing damage to covers; covers of volume II detached; scuffed, worn and splitting in spines); with a commonplace book running up to 1946. Provenance: her son Simon Asquith (his signature to 4 volumes); Sotheby's, 22 July 1988, lot 302.

CHURCHILL, Winston S. Autograph letter signed ("your loving brother, W.") to Maj. John Churchill, London, 12 June 1915. 3½ pages, 8vo, Duchy of Lancaster stationery, with original autograph envelope signed ("Winston S. Churchill"), with wax seal .

CHURCHILL, Winston S. Draft typescript signed ("Winston S. Churchill"), undated and untitled article on tensions between Russia, Japan and China [ca. 1931]. 7 pages, 4to , WITH CHURCHILL'S EXTENSIVE AUTOGRAPH REVISIONS in red ink, signed in red ink (some smudging of signature), punch hole top left corner, pencil note in another hand at top ("For Mr. Ranck") .

CHURCHILL, Winston S. and TRUMAN, Harry S. Oversized black and white photograph signed ("Winston S. Churchill"), as Prime Minister, and ("Harry S. Truman"), as President, aboard the U.S.S. Williamsburg, 5 January 1952. 14 x 18in., matted and framed, signed by each man on the matt, below their image. [ Loosely inserted in frame :] CHURCHILL. Autograph note signed ("Winston S. Churchill") to Harry S. Truman, [Washington], January 1952 1 page, oblong . Provenance : Pamela Harriman, her sale Sotheby's New York, 19 May 1997, lot 125.

CHURCHILL, Winston S. A COMPLETE SIGNED AND INSCRIBED SET OF THE FIRST EDITION OF THE WARTIME SPEECHES. Into Battle . London: Cassell and Co. 1941. 8 o . Half-title. Blue cloth (lightly rubbed), gilt spine. FIRST EDITION, sixth impression (mistakenly termed "edition"). INSCRIBED AND SIGNED on flyleaf "To Alfred J. Salisbury from Winston S. Churchill December 1941." Woods A66(a). -- The Unrelenting Struggle . London: Cassell and Co. 1942. 8 o . Frontispiece and four additional half-tone plates. Half-title. Blue cloth, gilt spine. FIRST EDITION, SIGNED AND INSCRIBED on flyleaf "To Albert J. Salisbury from Winston S. Churchill 1942." Woods A89. -- The End of the Beginning . London: Cassell and Co., 1943. 8 o . Half-title. Frontispiece and four other half-tone plates. Blue cloth, gilt spine. FIRST EDITION, SIGNED AND INSCRIBED on flyleaf "To Mrs. Salisbury from Winston S. Churchill Christmas 1944." Woods A94. -- Onwards to Victory . London: Cassell and Co., 1944. 8 o . Half-title. Frontispiece and four other half-tone plates. Blue cloth, gilt spine (corners lightly rubbed). FIRST EDITION, INSCRIBED AND SIGNED on flyleaf "To Mrs. Salisbury from Winston S. Churchill Christmas 1944." Woods A101. -- The Dawn of Liberation . London: Cassell and Co., 1945. 8 o . Half-title. Frontispiece and four additional half-tone plates. Blue cloth, gilt spine (spine rubbed). FIRST EDITION, INSCRIBED AND SIGNED on flyleaf "To Mrs. Salisbury from Winston S. Churchill, for yr library." Woods A107. -- Victory . London: Cassell and Co., 1946. 8 o . Half-title. Frontispiece and four additional half-tone plates. Blue cloth, gilt spine (slight rubbing to tip of spine; offset on front flyleaf). FIRST EDITION, INSCRIBED AND SIGNED on flyleaf "To Mrs Elsie Salisbury from Winston S. Churchill 1946." Woods A112. Together 6 items . (6)

CHURCHILL, Winston S. Thoughts and Adventures . London: Thornton Butterworth Limited, 1932.

CHURCHILL, Winston S. Autograph letter signed ('Winston S. Churchill') to Pamela [Plowden, later Countess of Lytton], [States Model School prison], Pretoria, 18 November [1899], one page, 4to ; envelope with stamp of Commandant General and other markings. Provenance : by descent from Pamela, Countess of Lytton; Christie's, 2 December 2003, lot 49.

CHURCHILL, Winston S. Draft typescript signed ("Winston S. Churchill"), n.d. [ca. March 1931]. 8 pages, 4to, punch holes at top left (linked by green ribbon); signature smudged; a few emendations in Churchill's hand, others by a copy editor .

CHURCHILL, Winston S. Draft typescript signed ("Winston S. Churchill"), "The Economic Collapse of Europe," n.d. [ca. 1931]. 13 pages, 4to , EXTENSIVELY CORRECTED IN CHURCHILL'S HAND, slight staining along a few margins, punch hole top left corner .

CHURCHILL, Winston S.; ROOSEVELT, Franklin D.; STALIN, Josef. Autographed White House card SIGNED BY EACH OF THE BIG THREE: ("J. Stalin," "Franklin D. Roosevelt," and "Winston S. Churchill"), signed as General Secretary, President, and Prime Minister, respectively, n.p., n.d. (likely Teheran Conference, 28 November - 1 December 1943). 1 page, oblong (2 x 4in.) card embossed with the Great Seal of the United States. Laid down in an 8 o , brown leather autograph album that ALSO CONTAINS THE SIGNATURES OF 62 FAMOUS POLITICAL, MILITARY AND ENTERTAINMENT FIGURES.